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Euphorbia(Euphorbiaspp.)
is a very large genus of plants with more than 2,000 species, also known as spurge.
Euphorbiais a diverse genus, with species and subgenera frequently added and removed.
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It includesannual,perennial, and biennial species.
You’ll find herbaceous plants, woody shrubs, and both deciduous and evergreen species.
Their linking characteristic is the presence of a milky white sap.
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The species ofEuphorbiagrown for landscape use or as houseplants are mostly succulents, which feature fascinating shapes and foliage.
A few are known for their flowers.
One of the most popularEuphorbiaspecies that is not a succulent is theholiday poinsettia.
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MostEuphorbiabloom in the spring or summer and go dormant in the winter.
The species growth rates vary, from slow to fairly quickly.
Euphorbia Care
Euphorbiaare very low-maintenance.
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They require some pampering at first, but once they are established, these plants are quite self-sufficient.
In fact, more die from too much care, especially overwatering, than from neglect.
They are fairly hardy and make great plants for beginners.
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It’s critical to provideEuphorbiawith well-draining soil.
Soggy soil can quickly causeroot rotand kill a plant.
If you’re growing your plant in a container, the pot must have ample drainage holes.
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An unglazed clay pot is best, because excess moisture can evaporate through its walls.
Provide your plant with lots of sunlight and periodic watering.
Avoid overhead watering, which can causepowdery mildewand other fungal problems on the foliage.
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Pruning is typically only necessary for overgrown plants to bring them back to a manageable size.
In hot climates, some afternoon shade can be helpful for most species.
Soil
AllEuphorbia, especially the succulent varieties, need well-draining soil.
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When grown in containers,Euphorbiashould be planted in a cactus/succulent potting mix.
During the winter, reduce watering to only when the plant shows signs of wilt.
Cold tolerance varies among the species.
Some will handle a light frost, while others dont grow well in temperatures below 55F.
Humidity tolerance also varies.
To prevent fungal diseases in high humidity climates, maintain good air circulation aroundEuphorbiaspecies.
Addingcompostor abalanced fertilizerto soil upon planting will promote healthy growth.
ManyEuphorbiawill be content with a weak liquid fertilizer applied throughout the growing season.
Therefore, this plant is usually propagated bystem cuttings, ideally in the spring when the new growth starts.
Summer is also an ideal time for propagation.
Common Pests & Diseases
Euphorbiaplants tend to be mostly problem-free.
Between the milky sap and the spiky needles, few insects find them tempting.
However, be on alert for a few pests.Mealybugsandspider mitesare the most common pests.
They will feed on the plants, weakening and eventually killing them.
The population of both these insects can increase to large numbers rapidly.
Catching them early is your best chance of controlling them.Insecticidal soapsandoilsare good non-toxic remedies.
Furthermore, root rot and fungal diseases can occur when conditions are too moist.
Fungicide will not reverse the problem.
If you are not sure about how often to water, use amoisture meterto guide you.
Do not water unless the soil is dry.
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Plants You Might Also Like
All plants in theEuphorbiagenus have this title.
The genus is diverse, but one thing all its species have in common is milky sap.
PerennialEuphorbiacan be cut back in the spring.
EvergreenEuphorbiausually only need light trimming anddeadheading after flowering.
SucculentEuphorbialike thepencil cactusoften contain the word “catus” in their common name.
Botanically, they are not members of the cactus family, Cactaceae.
North Carolina State Extension.
