They are short-lived perennials in warmer climates but are normally grown as annuals in cooler regions.
Artichokes are usually grown for their edible flower buds, which are harvested before the flowers open.
Artichokes leaves are silvery-green in color with a long, arching shape.
The Spruce / Kara Riley
Although they look soft, the leaves can be quite prickly.
The plant stems are thick and fleshy.
The flower buds are the parts of the plant sold in produce aisles.
The Spruce / Kara Riley
At the base of the bud is the tender, flavorful artichoke “heart.”
Artichokes are planted at different times of the year, depending on the climate.
Where they are grown as annuals, they must be planted in spring.
The Spruce / Kara Riley
They typically need 85 to 100 days to reach harvest.
Harvest the buds for eating before they develop into thistle-like flowers.
At this time, it’s possible for you to lift, divide, and replant the new shoots.
The Spruce / Kara Riley
Light
Artichokes grow best infull sun.
They can tolerate some shade, but the flower buds will suffer.
Soil
Artichokes prefer sandy, well-drained but fertile soil.
Asoil pHslightly on the alkaline side is best.
Slightly sandy soil (think: Mediterranean) is ideal.
Good drainage is crucial to prevent the roots from rotting, especially in areas where they will be overwintered.
If your garden soil is poor, consider growing your artichokes inraised beds.
Water
Artichokes require lots of moisture for best growth.
Excessive heat will cause the plant to bloom prematurely.
For the amount of fertilizer to use, follow the product label instructions.
Feed the plants periodically throughout the growing season.
Cut spent stalks down to the ground to allow room for other stalks to grow.
This can only be done in warm climates where artichokes overwinter.
Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in trays or pots filled with a moistened seed starting mix.
You will have better success with purchased seed that has been grown under controlled conditions.
Aphids can also become a nuisance, but they can be hosed off before they take over.
Giving the plants enough space for air to flow freely will help minimize aphid problems.
Remove affected leaves as soon as the disease is apparent.
For severe infections, use a fungicide labeled for edible plants, such asneem.
you’ve got the option to grow them as a lovely garden plant instead of an edible.
In most areas, buds begin forming in early summer.
Harvest while the bracts are still tightly folded and the bud feels firm.
After the center bud is cut, side shoots will begin producing smaller buds.
Harvest when they are firm and reach about one to three inches in diameter.
Small buds can be extremely tender and flavorful, requiring only a slight heating-through before eating.
University of California, et al.
4003, 1971, p. 1195, https://doi.org10.1126/science.173.4003.1195
